This book, the 3rd in the Framework Math series, focuses on subtraction but also includes more advanced addition strategies than were covered in Volume 2. This book continues the Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract (CPA) journey with the use of ten frames and a Rekenrek. For subtraction, two extra tools are added as well: a 120 chart and number lines. These extra tools unlock new strategies and increase studentsÕ ability to flexibly manipulate numbers in ways that make operations easier.

When students learn to see patterns, draw connections, and ask WHY and HOW things work the way they do, theyÕll develop a solid foundation in Math. Without needing to focus on memorization, students will develop confidence in their ability to understand Math. This approach that is grounded in number sense will help them see the overall cohesive, fluid nature of Math; students will see relationships between addition and subtraction as well as see how numbers can be regrouped or adjusted to friendlier numbers in ways that make Math both easier and more meaningful. It is these connections, not an approach based purely on memorization, that help students retain and own the information and extend their understanding to more complex Mathematical problems.